Heat pipes

A heat pipe is a heat transfer mechanism that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between two solid interfaces.
At the hot interface within a heat pipe, which is typically at a very low pressure, a pressurized fluid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing the latent heat of that surface. The vapor naturally flows through the system at atomic speeds, because of the low pressure, and condenses back into a liquid at the cold interface, releasing this latent heat. The liquid then returns to the hot interface through either capillary action or gravity action where it evaporates once more and repeats the cycle. In addition, the internal pressure of the heat pipe can be set or adjusted to facilitate the phase change depending on the demands of the working conditions of the thermally managed system.
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